3.8.1 Alteration of the sequence of bases in DNA alters the structure of proteins

• Substitution mutation
• Silent/neutral mutations
• Insertion/Deletions
• Duplication
• Inversion
• Translocation
• Nonsense mutations
• Causes of mutation

3.8.2 Gene expression is controlled by a number of features

3.8.2.1 Most of a cell’s DNA is not translated

• Stem cells
• Totipotent cells
• Pluripotent cells
• Multipotent cells
• Unipotent cells
• iPS cells

3.8.2.2 Regulation of transcription and translation

• Control of transcription
• Transcription factors